diff --git a/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/MolSGroupParsing.cpp b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/MolSGroupParsing.cpp
index 9e4eb2fed..41f8c4887 100644
--- a/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/MolSGroupParsing.cpp
+++ b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/MolSGroupParsing.cpp
@@ -1286,6 +1286,9 @@ std::string ParseV3000SGroupsBlock(std::istream *inStream, unsigned int &line,
       }
 
       std::getline(lineStream, label, '=');
+      if (label.empty()) {
+        continue;
+      }
       ParseV3000ParseLabel(label, lineStream, dataFields, line, sgroup,
                            nSgroups, mol, strictParsing);
       parsedLabels.insert(label);
@@ -1316,6 +1319,9 @@ std::string ParseV3000SGroupsBlock(std::istream *inStream, unsigned int &line,
       }
 
       std::getline(lineStream, label, '=');
+      if (label.empty()) {
+        continue;
+      }
       if (std::find(parsedLabels.begin(), parsedLabels.end(), label) ==
           parsedLabels.end()) {
         ParseV3000ParseLabel(label, lineStream, dataFields, defaultLineNum,
diff --git a/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/SmilesMolSupplier.cpp b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/SmilesMolSupplier.cpp
index 4e2147e33..024f981e7 100644
--- a/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/SmilesMolSupplier.cpp
+++ b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/SmilesMolSupplier.cpp
@@ -174,11 +174,10 @@ std::unique_ptr<RWMol> SmilesMolSupplier::processLine(std::string inLine) {
       std::string pname, pval;
       if (d_props.size() > col) {
         pname = d_props[col];
-      } else {
+      }
+      if(pname.empty()){
         pname = "Column_";
-        std::stringstream ss;
-        ss << col;
-        pname += ss.str();
+        pname += std::to_string(col);
       }
 
       pval = recs[col];
diff --git a/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/test_data/s1p_chembldoc89753.txt b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/test_data/s1p_chembldoc89753.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..378534aa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/test_data/s1p_chembldoc89753.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+,doc_id,molregno,standard_relation,standard_value,standard_units,standard_flag,standard_type,pchembl_value,canonical_smiles,compound_chembl_id
+1285,89753,1824026,=,10.0,nM,1,EC50,8.0,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4C(CCCC(=O)O)NCCOc34,CHEMBL3359853
+1286,89753,1824025,=,5.012,nM,1,EC50,8.3,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4C(CCC(=O)O)NCCOc34,CHEMBL3359852
+1287,89753,1824024,=,2.512,nM,1,EC50,8.6,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4OCC(CCC(=O)O)NCc4c3,CHEMBL3359851
+1288,89753,1824027,=,50.12,nM,1,EC50,7.3,CC(C)Oc1ncc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4C(CCCC(=O)O)NCCOc34,CHEMBL3359854
+1289,89753,1824027,=,39.81,nM,1,EC50,7.4,CC(C)Oc1ncc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4C(CCCC(=O)O)NCCOc34,CHEMBL3359854
+1290,89753,1824023,=,5.012,nM,1,EC50,8.3,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4OCC(NCc4c3)C(=O)O,CHEMBL3359850
+1291,89753,1824022,=,5.012,nM,1,EC50,8.3,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4C(CC(=O)O)NCCc34,CHEMBL3359849
+1292,89753,1824021,=,19.95,nM,1,EC50,7.7,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4C(CC(=O)O)NCCc34,CHEMBL3359848
+1293,89753,1824020,=,7.943,nM,1,EC50,8.1,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CCN(CCCC(=O)O)CCc4c3,CHEMBL3359847
+1294,89753,1824019,=,7.943,nM,1,EC50,8.1,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CCN(CCC(=O)O)CCc4c3,CHEMBL3359846
+1295,89753,1824018,=,3.9810000000000003,nM,1,EC50,8.4,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CCN(CC(=O)O)CCc4c3,CHEMBL3359845
+1296,89753,1824017,=,39.81,nM,1,EC50,7.4,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CN(CCCC(=O)O)CCOc34,CHEMBL3359844
+1297,89753,1824016,=,7.943,nM,1,EC50,8.1,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CN(CC(=O)O)CCc34,CHEMBL3359843
+1298,89753,1824015,=,6.31,nM,1,EC50,8.2,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CN(CCC(=O)O)CCc4c3,CHEMBL3359842
+1299,89753,1824014,=,63.1,nM,1,EC50,7.2,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4OCCN(CCCC(=O)O)Cc4c3,CHEMBL3359841
+1300,89753,1824013,=,50.12,nM,1,EC50,7.3,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4OCCN(CCC(=O)O)Cc4c3,CHEMBL3359840
+1301,89753,1824012,=,125.89,nM,1,EC50,6.9,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4OCCN(CCC(=O)O)Cc4c3,CHEMBL3359839
+1302,89753,1824011,=,2511.89,nM,1,EC50,5.6,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CCN(CC(=O)O)CCc34,CHEMBL3359838
+1303,89753,1824557,=,158.49,nM,1,EC50,6.8,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CCN(CCC(=O)O)CCc34,CHEMBL3360379
+1304,89753,1824556,=,398.11,nM,1,EC50,6.4,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CN(CCCC(=O)O)Cc34,CHEMBL3360378
+1305,89753,1824555,=,501.19,nM,1,EC50,6.3,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CN(CCCC(=O)O)Cc34,CHEMBL3360377
+1306,89753,1824554,=,316.23,nM,1,EC50,6.5,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CN(CCC(=O)O)Cc34,CHEMBL3360376
+1307,89753,1824553,=,630.96,nM,1,EC50,6.2,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CNCCCc34,CHEMBL3360375
+1308,89753,1824552,=,125.89,nM,1,EC50,6.9,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CNCCCc4c3,CHEMBL3360374
+1309,89753,1824551,=,398.11,nM,1,EC50,6.4,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CNCCCc4c3,CHEMBL3360373
+1310,89753,1824550,=,79.43,nM,1,EC50,7.1,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CNCCOc4c3,CHEMBL3360372
+1311,89753,1824549,=,316.23,nM,1,EC50,6.5,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CNCCOc4c3,CHEMBL3360371
+1312,89753,1824548,=,25.12,nM,1,EC50,7.6,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CCNCCc4c3,CHEMBL3360370
+1313,89753,1824547,=,158.49,nM,1,EC50,6.8,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CCNCCc4c3,CHEMBL3360369
+1314,89753,1824546,=,25.12,nM,1,EC50,7.6,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4OCCNCc4c3,CHEMBL3360368
+1315,89753,1824545,=,125.89,nM,1,EC50,6.9,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4OCCNCc4c3,CHEMBL3360367
+1316,89753,1824544,=,79.43,nM,1,EC50,7.1,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CNCCOc34,CHEMBL3360366
+1317,89753,1824543,=,39.81,nM,1,EC50,7.4,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CNCCc34,CHEMBL3360365
+1318,89753,1824542,=,3.9810000000000003,nM,1,EC50,8.4,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4CNCCc4c3,CHEMBL3360364
+1319,89753,1824541,=,1.995,nM,1,EC50,8.7,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1C#N)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CCNCCc34,CHEMBL3360363
+1320,89753,1824540,=,15.85,nM,1,EC50,7.8,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CCNCCc34,CHEMBL3360362
+1321,89753,1824539,=,7.943,nM,1,EC50,8.1,CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4CNCc34,CHEMBL3360361
+1322,89753,1824538,=,19.95,nM,1,EC50,7.7,[Na+].CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3cccc4c3cnn4CCC(=O)[O-],CHEMBL3360360
+1323,89753,1824537,=,31.62,nM,1,EC50,7.5,[Na+].CC(C)Oc1ccc(cc1Cl)c2onc(n2)c3ccc4c(cnn4CCC(=O)[O-])c3,CHEMBL3360359
+1324,89753,1824536,=,251.19,nM,1,EC50,6.6,[Na+].[O-]C(=O)c1cnn(Cc2ccc(cc2)c3noc(n3)c4cc(c5ccccc5)c(s4)C(F)(F)F)c1,CHEMBL3360358
diff --git a/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/v2_file_parsers_catch.cpp b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/v2_file_parsers_catch.cpp
index 3454e236c..e1935ba9e 100644
--- a/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/v2_file_parsers_catch.cpp
+++ b/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/v2_file_parsers_catch.cpp
@@ -57,4 +57,20 @@ M  END
     CHECK(MolToCXSmiles(*mol2) ==
           "*OC |(-2.50869,4.52002,;-3.3747,4.02,;-4.7083,3.25,),$_AP1;;$|");
   }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("empty column names in SmilesMolSupplier") {
+  std::string rdbase = getenv("RDBASE");
+
+  std::string fName =
+      rdbase + "/Code/GraphMol/FileParsers/test_data/s1p_chembldoc89753.txt";
+  SmilesMolSupplierParams params;
+  params.delimiter = ",";
+  params.smilesColumn = 9;
+  params.nameColumn = 10;
+  v2::FileParsers::SmilesMolSupplier suppl(fName, params);
+  auto mol = suppl.next();
+  REQUIRE(mol);
+  CHECK(mol->hasProp("_Name"));
+  CHECK(mol->hasProp("Column_0"));
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Code/GraphMol/catch_graphmol.cpp b/Code/GraphMol/catch_graphmol.cpp
index c9786ba1a..8d75f5ccf 100644
--- a/Code/GraphMol/catch_graphmol.cpp
+++ b/Code/GraphMol/catch_graphmol.cpp
@@ -4964,3 +4964,14 @@ TEST_CASE(
   CHECK(stg.getGroupType() == StereoGroupType::STEREO_ABSOLUTE);
   CHECK(stg.getAtoms().size() == 2);
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("github #9068: properties with empty names") {
+  SECTION("basics") {
+    auto m = "CCO"_smiles;
+    REQUIRE(m);
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(m->setProp("", "some value"), ValueErrorException);
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(m->getProp<std::string>(""), KeyErrorException);
+    CHECK(!m->hasProp(""));
+    CHECK_NOTHROW(m->clearProp(""));
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Code/RDGeneral/Dict.h b/Code/RDGeneral/Dict.h
index 90e9bb5ae..3b4b1d6c4 100644
--- a/Code/RDGeneral/Dict.h
+++ b/Code/RDGeneral/Dict.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //
-// Copyright (C) 2003-2021 Greg Landrum and other RDKit contributors
+// Copyright (C) 2003-2026 Greg Landrum and other RDKit contributors
 //
 //  @@ All Rights Reserved @@
 //  This file is part of the RDKit.
@@ -265,6 +265,9 @@ class RDKIT_RDGENERAL_EXPORT Dict {
   void setVal(const std::string_view what, T &val) {
     static_assert(!std::is_same_v<T, std::string_view>,
                   "T cannot be string_view");
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
     _hasNonPodData = true;
     for (auto &&data : _data) {
       if (data.key == what) {
@@ -280,6 +283,9 @@ class RDKIT_RDGENERAL_EXPORT Dict {
   void setPODVal(const std::string_view what, T val) {
     static_assert(!std::is_same_v<T, std::string_view>,
                   "T cannot be string_view");
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
     // don't change the hasNonPodData status
     for (auto &&data : _data) {
       if (data.key == what) {
@@ -291,20 +297,45 @@ class RDKIT_RDGENERAL_EXPORT Dict {
     _data.push_back(Pair(what, val));
   }
 
-  void setVal(const std::string_view what, bool val) { setPODVal(what, val); }
+  void setVal(const std::string_view what, bool val) {
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
+    setPODVal(what, val);
+  }
 
-  void setVal(const std::string_view what, double val) { setPODVal(what, val); }
+  void setVal(const std::string_view what, double val) {
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
+    setPODVal(what, val);
+  }
 
-  void setVal(const std::string_view what, float val) { setPODVal(what, val); }
-
-  void setVal(const std::string_view what, int val) { setPODVal(what, val); }
+  void setVal(const std::string_view what, float val) {
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
+    setPODVal(what, val);
+  }
+  void setVal(const std::string_view what, int val) {
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
+    setPODVal(what, val);
+  }
 
   void setVal(const std::string_view what, unsigned int val) {
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
     setPODVal(what, val);
   }
 
   //! \overload
   void setVal(const std::string_view what, const char *val) {
+    if (what.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set value with empty key");
+    }
     std::string h(val);
     setVal(what, h);
   }
diff --git a/Code/RDGeneral/RDProps.h b/Code/RDGeneral/RDProps.h
index 2eec9699e..d7efff136 100644
--- a/Code/RDGeneral/RDProps.h
+++ b/Code/RDGeneral/RDProps.h
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+//  Copyright (C) 2016-2026 Brian Kelley and other RDKit contributors
+//   @@ All Rights Reserved @@
+//
 //  This file is part of the RDKit.
 //  The contents are covered by the terms of the BSD license
 //  which is included in the file license.txt, found at the root
@@ -75,6 +78,9 @@ class RDProps {
   //! \overload
   template <typename T>
   void setProp(const std::string_view key, T val, bool computed = false) const {
+    if(key.empty()) {
+      throw ValueErrorException("Cannot set property with empty key");
+    }
     if (computed) {
       STR_VECT compLst;
       getPropIfPresent(RDKit::detail::computedPropName, compLst);
diff --git a/Code/RDGeneral/catch_dict.cpp b/Code/RDGeneral/catch_dict.cpp
index ab2a08933..952fad912 100644
--- a/Code/RDGeneral/catch_dict.cpp
+++ b/Code/RDGeneral/catch_dict.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //
-//  Copyright (C) 2021 Greg Landrum
+//  Copyright (C) 2021-2026 Greg Landrum
 //
 //   @@ All Rights Reserved @@
 //  This file is part of the RDKit.
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <catch2/catch_all.hpp>
 #include "Dict.h"
 #include "RDProps.h"
+#include "Exceptions.h"
 using namespace std::string_literals;
 
 TEST_CASE("Dict move semantics") {
@@ -70,3 +71,25 @@ TEST_CASE("RDProps move semantics") {
     CHECK(!d1.hasProp("bar"s));
   }
 }
+TEST_CASE("github #9068: properties with empty names") {
+  RDKit::RDProps props;
+  SECTION("setProp with empty key") {
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(props.setProp("", 1), ValueErrorException);
+  }
+  SECTION("getProp with empty key") {
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(props.getProp<int>(""), KeyErrorException);
+  }
+  SECTION("hasProp with empty key") { CHECK(!props.hasProp("")); }
+  SECTION("clearProp with empty key") { CHECK_NOTHROW(props.clearProp("")); }
+}
+TEST_CASE("github #9068: dicts with empty keys") {
+  RDKit::Dict dict;
+  SECTION("setVal with empty key") {
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(dict.setVal("", 1), ValueErrorException);
+  }
+  SECTION("getVal with empty key") {
+    CHECK_THROWS_AS(dict.getVal<int>(""), KeyErrorException);
+  }
+  SECTION("hasVal with empty key") { CHECK(!dict.hasVal("")); }
+  SECTION("clearVal with empty key") { CHECK_NOTHROW(dict.clearVal("")); }
+}
\ No newline at end of file